BIO 1640  Lecture I:  Endocrine System

 

1.  Locate and name the secretions, functions, target organs, abnormalities of the endocrine glands discussed in the class.  SEE HANDOUTS  FOR COMPLETE  DELAILS

 

Name of Secretion

Location of Secretion
  1. Growth Hormone (GH

Anterior Pituitary Gland
  1. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Anterior Pituitary Gland
  1. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Anterior Pituitary Gland
  1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Anterior Pituitary Gland
  1. Lutinizing Hormone (LH)

Anterior Pituitary Gland
  1. Prolactin

Anterior Pituitary Gland
  1. ADH

Posterior Pituitary
  1. Oxytocin

Posterior Pituitary
  1. Thyroid Hormone T3 & T4

Thyroid Gland
  1. Calcitonin

Thyroid Gland
  1. Parathyroid Hormone

Parathyroid Gland
  1. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Adrenal Gland (cortex)
  1. Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Adrenal Gland (cortex)
  1. Androgens

Adrenal Gland (cortex)
  1. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Adrenal Gland (medulla)
  1. Glucagon

Pancreas
  1. Insulin

Pancreas
  1. Estrogens and Progesterone

Ovaries
  1. Testosterone

Testes
  1. Melatonin

Pineal Gland
  1. Thymosin

Thymus

 

 

2.  Contrast endocrine and exocrine glands and give examples of each.

 

Endocrine is ductless while exocrine has duct.  Examples of endocrine glands are thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary, thymus, pancreas.  Examples of exocrine are oil, sweat, digestive juices.  Pancreas function both as endocrine and exocrine.  For endocrine, it secrets glucagon (in respond to lower blood glucose) and insulin (in respond to higher blood glucose).  For exocrine, it secretes pancreatic juice.

 

3.  Hormones that stimulates endocrine glands are called:  tropic hormone

4.  Two hormones that complement each other (work together) are: synergistic; oppose each other are antagonistic.

5.  Contrast the activity of fat-soluble and water-soluble hormones. 

Water-soluble hormones need a second messenger  while fat-soluble hormones do not need a second messenger because they diffuse easily to the target cell.

6.  Excessive fluid in the body, alcohol and caffeine affect the secretion of ADH how?  decrease

7.  Secretion of hormones (and the physiology of most of the body) is regulated by negative or positive  feedback.  Negative feedback, but, oxytocin is regulated by positive feedback mechanism.

8.  List 3 stages in the adaptation of the body to stress:  (p. 630)

a)      Short term:  adrenal medulla secrets epinephrine and norepinephrine

b)      Long Term: Adrenal cortex secrets mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

c)      Exhaustion:  adrenal cortex is no longer functioning

9.  Enlargement of the thyroids is called?  Goiter

10.  High levels of thyroxine leads to ____  levels of TSH.  Decrease

11.  An increase in body temperature as a result of an increase in metabolic rate is called.  Calorigenic  Effect

12.  Contrast the function of osoteoblast and osteoclasts.

Osteoblasts build up bone while osteoclasts break down bone. Osteoblast  will decrease the level of blood calcium while osteoclasts increase the blood calcium level.

 

Know the difference between diuretic and antidiuretic.

Gluconeogenesis – formation of glucose from non-carbohydrates (protein and fats)

Glycogenolysis – breakdown of glycogen to glucose.

Symptoms of diabetes mellitus – polyuria (huge output of urine); polydipsia (excessive thirst); polyphagia  (excessive hunger and food consumption)