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ACTIVE VOICE:
subject of sentence is the doer of the action
EXAMPLE: The winning team
celebrated long into the night.
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ADJECTIVE:
a word that describes, modifies, or limits the meaning of a noun
EXAMPLE: A small black
spider wove a web in the corner of the room.
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ADJECTIVE
CLAUSE: a group of related
words having a subject and predicate used to modify the meaning of a
noun
EXAMPLE: The man who came to
dinner was a friend of my uncle.
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ADVERB:
a word that modifies or describes the action of a verb
EXAMPLE: He turned around slowly
and left.
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ADVERB CLAUSE:
one which modifies or describes the action of a verb
EXAMPLE: Nero fiddled
while Rome burned.
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AGREEMENT:
requires a verb form to have the same number as its subject and a
pronoun to have the same person and number as its subject
EXAMPLE: Success demands
hard work
My parents demand
hard work on my part.
My parents
love me even though they
are strict.
My sister
loves her new room
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APPOSITIVE:
a noun that gives more information about another noun already in the
sentence
EXAMPLE: My brother, the lawyer,
lives in Toledo
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CLAUSE:
a group of related words with a subject and a predicate
EXAMPLE: My brother enlisted in
the Marines last week.
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COMMA SPLICE:
putting two complete sentences into one by connecting them with a comma
(same as fused sentence)
EXAMPLE:
After dinner we drove to Detroit to see the ball game, the Tigers beat
the Red Sox by 4 runs.
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COMPARATIVE
DEGREE: an adjective or
adverb form used when comparing two things, people, objects
EXAMPLE: California is larger
than Michigan.
He shouted more
angrily than before.
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COMPLEMENT:
a word or group of words which completes the meaning of the verb
EXAMPLE: Some people I know are both
liars and
crooks.
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COORDINATE
CONJUNCTION: joins words or
groups of words having equal importance in the sentence
EXAMPLE: My brother works for Sears,
and my sister works for DTE.
Both my brother
and my sister live in Toledo.
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DECLARATIVE
SENTENCE: makes a statement
EXAMPLE: World War II ended in
1945.
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DEPENDANT
CLAUSE: a group of words with a
subject and predicate that does not make sense by itself
EXAMPLE: The engine which fell
from the wing of the plane was located in the desert near
Las Vegas.
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EXCLAMATORY
SENTENCE: expresses emotion
EXAMPLE: Finally, we are the
champions!
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FRAGMENT:
a group of words not a complete sentence, but punctuated as if it were a
complete sentence
EXAMPLE: Although he was the
captain of the team.
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FUSED SENTENCE:
occurs when two independent clauses
are joined with no punctuation..
EXAMPLE:
After dinner we drove to Detroit to see the ball game the Tigers beat
the Red Sox by 4 runs.
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IMPERATIVE MOOD:
verb in sentence gives a command
EXAMPLE: Sit in
your chair and don’t move
till I tell you.
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IMPERATIVE
SENTENCE: gives a command
EXAMPLE:
Sit in your chair and don’t move till I tell you.
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INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE: a group of words with a
subject and predicate that makes sense by itself
EXAMPLE: Cowards die many times
before their deaths.
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INDICATIVE
MOOD: verb in sentence makes a
statement
EXAMPLE: The law says
that you can be ticketed for using a cell phone while driving.
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INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCE: asks a question
EXAMPLE: Who won the game last
night?
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INTERRUPTER:
any group of words just thrown into a sentence and not a necessary part
of that sentence
EXAMPLE: Mark Brown, President
of Ithco Industries, was arrested last week in Last
Vegas.
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NOMINATIVE
CASE: refers to a noun or
pronoun which is the subject of the sentence and, if a pronoun, requires
using a specific form of the pronoun to indicate this
EXAMPLE: General Custer
was not a good strategist.
She
has always gotten good grades.
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NOUN CLAUSE:
a group of related words having a subject and predicate used as if it
were a noun
EXAMPLE: That they had lost the
last two years was completely forgotten in the excitement
of their unexpected victory.
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NUMBER:
refers to the quantity specified in the noun or pronoun: singular or
plural
EXAMPLE: Boys
will be boys.
The boy
from Toledo came in last.
She
always warms up before a race.
They
always do warm ups before a race.
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OBJECT:
a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb in a sentence
EXAMPLE: He had passed all tests
given so far this semester.
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OBJECTIVE
CASE: refers to a noun or
pronoun which is the object of the sentence and, if a pronoun, requires
using a specific form of the pronoun to indicate this
EXAMPLE: She placed her ring
on the dresser.
Their mother called
them to supper.
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PASSIVE VOICE:
subject of sentence is the receiver of the action in the sentence
EXAMPLE: The house was pelted
with hailstones.
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PERSON:
indicates whether the pronoun refers to the person speaking (1st
person ), the person spoken to (2nd person ), or the person
or thing spoken about (3rd person )
EXAMPLE: I ( 1st
person ) try very hard to understand what my teacher
wants.
Your father wants
you ( 2nd person ) to try even harder.
He
(3rd person ) wants me to succeed.
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PHRASE:
any group of related words that cannot stand by itself as a complete
sentence
EXAMPLE: In the absence of any other
comments or complaints
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POSSESSIVE
CASE: refers to the form of a
pronoun used to show possession
EXAMPLE: My
parents want me to get a job.
Your
parents want you to go to college.
His
parents called the police.
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PREDICATE:
the verb in the sentence, what you are saying about the subject
EXAMPLE: The enemy slaughtered
500 innocent civilians.
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PRONOUN:
stands for or takes the place of a previously named noun
EXAMPLE: Alicia said that she
would be coming home late.
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SUBJECT:
who or what you are talking about in a sentence: it can be a noun, a
pronoun, or a noun clause
EXAMPLE: The books
had been boxed, ready to be shipped.
She
left the party early.
Whichever
candidate has a better plan for ending the war will get
my
vote.
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SUBJUNCTIVE
MOOD: verb in sentence
expresses uncertainty, wish, or a condition
contrary to fact
EXAMPLE: I ask that the woman be
given a place to live, at least temporarily..
If I were
the President, I would veto the bill.
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SUPERLATIVE
DEGREE: an adjective or adverb
form used when comparing more than two things, people, objects
EXAMPLE: His name was spoken
most frequently by the guests.
That’s the most
beautiful dress I’ve ever seen.
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TENSE:
suggests time that the action in the verb in the sentence took place
EXAMPLE: She speaks
( present tense ) frequently about her job.
She spoke
( past tense) to the students before class.
She will speak
(future tense) at the ceremony next Friday.
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VERB:
says something about the subject or links subject with something else
EXAMPLE: He washes
his car every Saturday.
She is
the best student in the class.
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